It seems that no matter what angle we view student loans from these days, the picture never looks pretty. This blog from Consumer Finance Protection Bureau documents how there are 27.8 million student loan borrowers making use of the direct federal lending program totaling more than $1 trillion in debt. Only 10.8 million of these borrowers are currently repaying these loans. That is, only 38.8% of the borrowers are in repayment. That does not mean the other 61.2% are in default; actually 2.1 million people or 7.6% of borrowers are in default.
Other borrowers are in some sort of suspense mode: 5 million borrowers (18%) are in deferment or forbearance. 7.9 million borrowers (28.4%) are still in school. And 1.9 million (7.2%) are in a six month grace period given to borrowers after graduation.
I see a lot of clients that owe $50,000, $100,000 and sometimes in excess of $250,000 that are hoping to discharge these loans in bankruptcy. I hardly blame them for seeking shelter given the powers granted to the government as the lender of student loans. First, there is no statute of limitations, meaning the loan stays with you for life. Second, the Direct Loan servicing program can intercept your tax refund if you default. Third, the Direct Loan program can garnish your wages without a court order if you default on your student loans.
Bankruptcy offers limited solutions. It is possible to buy time or even discharge student loans in bankruptcy. But an actual discharge of these loans is far different from something like a credit card. In Chapter 7 bankruptcy, a typical credit card debt is listed in the bankruptcy filing and discharged by operation of law if the person filing bankruptcy complies with all requirements such as attending the meeting of creditor and taking the post filing debtor education course.
Student loans are different. The person filing bankruptcy must file an adversary proceeding against the student loan lender. This is essentially a lawsuit which can take a lot of time and expense. If student loan borrowers could afford to pay an attorney to litigate a student loan debt all the way to trial in bankruptcy court, chances are the client could pay the student loan in the first place. And the courts have set standard for discharge so high, it adds another incentive to avoid filing such an action. Discharging student loans through this route is therefore often just an illusion.
So federal student loans are standing at over $1 trillion. Add private loans, we reach $1.2 trillion. Anyone else sense a bubble? As the great economist — okay, I really mean Barry Gibb from the Bee Gees — stated: “[A]ll bubbles have a way of bursting or being deflated in the end.” Congress needs to reform the loan forgiveness for federal loans, and/or revise the bankruptcy code to make student loans dischargeable to some extent.
I’d rather manage a slowly deflating balloon than go for the ride we took in 2008 and 2009 with a full burst.
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